Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, Cola nitida and Gomphrena celosioides against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Aims: The present study was undertaken with an aim of evaluating the capacity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, Cola nitida and Gomphrena celosioides to protect the heart of rats.

Study Design: Cardioprotective properties of plant extracts in vivo.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemical-Pharmacodynamics, UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouet Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan, vivarium of Higher Normal School and the Institut Pasteur in Abidjan between November 2015 and January 2016.

Methodology: The extractions were carried out by maceration, using a magnetic stirrer for 24 hours, of 100 g of dry plant powder in 2 liters of distilled water for the aqueous extraction or in 2 liters of water / ethanol mixture (30/70 v / v) for ethanol extraction. Cardioprotective properties of the extracts (200 and 500 mg/kg) were assessed relative to that of resveratrol (25 mg / kg) against doxorubicin-induced intoxication of 8mg/kg body weight.

Results: The results showed that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Entandrophragma angolense Cola nitida and Gomphrena celosioides significantly attenuate (p ˂0.05) the effect of doxorubicin on biochemical parameters. Indeed, extracts significantly reduce (p ˂0.05) serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK-MB), cholesterols, triglycerides and significantly increase (p ˂0.05) serum level of HDL cholesterol. The extracts also dampen the weight loss caused by doxorubicin. The relative weight of the heart remained statistically the same (p > 0.05) regardless of the treatment compared to the control rat.

Conclusion: This study suggests that the studied extracts all have cardioprotective properties. This protective property would be higher at a dose of 500 mg/kg. However ethanolic extract of Entandrophragma angolense would have a cardioprotective activity more interesting at 500 mg/kg, comparable to that of resveratrol.